Aloe
4.4.2002
Der aloe-vera-Wahnsinn ebbt nicht ab: Immer neue Wellen von Verkäufern branden in die Internet-Foren und verbreiten rund um die Uhr unwahre Behauptungen.
Daß dadurch Menschen zu Schaden kommen, interessiert die Verkäufer nicht. Sie haben nur "das große Geld" vor Augen. [1]
Die Wahrheit geht unter, die Kranken bleiben auf der Strecke...
Selbst Fernsehsendungen sind auf marktschreierisches und Jubel-Niveau verkommen.
Kritik an diesem menschenverachtenden Verhalten wird gelöscht. Das Gebot der christlichen Nächstenliebe, der Verantwortung für den Mitmenschen, es gilt nicht mehr.
Der Mammon regiert, wie im Himmel, so in der Sendeleitung...
Dem gilt es gegenzusteuern. Vor allem fachlich korrekte Information ist notwendig.
Aus den Datenbanken der "National Institutes of Health" (http://www.nih.gov/) sind die nun folgenden Quellen zum Stichwort "aloe" entnommen.
Es wurde absichtlich nicht "aloe vera" benutzt, weil in den Quellen die verschiedenen Schreibweisen auftreten und dadurch Texte nicht gefunden worden wären.
Die Links sind nur teilweise funktionsfähig. Sie entsprechen zwar dem aktuellen Datenbestand der NIH, aber die NIH können nicht ständig die Verfügbarkeit der verlinkten Texte kontrollieren. Wer einen Text benötigt, sollte sich diesen so schnell wie möglich besorgen, wenn er noch im Netz ist. Durch Umstellungen werden jeden Tag Texte aus dem WWW entfernt oder an andere URLs verschoben, so daß die Links nicht mehr funktionieren.
Aribert Deckers
[1] Zur Psychopathologie der Verkäufer hat der Berliner Senat ein ausgezeichnetes Buch veröffentlicht: http://www.ariplex.com/ama/amasenat.htm
1
The clinical effects of saline and aloe vera rinses on
periodontal surgical sites.
Full author name: Rieger, Lisa; Carson, Robert E.
Rieger L, Carson RE. J Okla Dent Assoc. 2002 Winter;92(3):40-3.
[Article in English] No Abstract Available.
Department of Dental Hygiene, University of Oklahoma,
College of Dentistry, USA. ISSN: 0164-9442
NLM Unique ID: 7905263
Country: United States
Entry Date: 20020327
MeSH Date: 2002/03/28 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/03/28 10:00
Citation Subset: D
Publication Status: ppublish
J Okla Dent Assoc 2002 Winter;92(3):40-3.
PMID: 11915398 UI: 21913536 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of some
chromones.
Full author name: Piao, Long Zhu; Park, Hyang Rae; Park, Yun Kyung; Lee, Seung Ki; Park, Jeong Hill; Park, Man Ki.
Piao LZ, Park HR, Park YK, Lee SK, Park JH, Park MK. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002 Mar;50(3):309-11.
[Article in English]
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea.
Currently, aloesin is used in the cosmetic industry as
a whitening agent because it inhibits tyrosinase
activity. Aloesin is a C-glycosylated chromone compound
isolated from aloe, and it is difficult to synthesize
because of C-glycosyl moiety in the molecule. The
purpose of this study is to search for a new chromone
compound which is easy to synthesize and which posesses
stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity than aloesin.
Fourteen chromone derivatives were synthesized and
screened for their mushroom-tyrosinase inhibitory
activity.
5-Methyl-7-methoxy-2-(2'-benzyl-3'-oxobutyl)chromone
(15) showed the strongest activity among
tested compounds. Its activity was not only stronger
than aloesin, but also stronger than arbutin and kojic
acid. The kinetic analysis revealed a competitive
inhibition of 15 with tyrosinase for the L-tyrosine
binding site. ISSN: 0009-2363
NLM Unique ID: 0377775
Country: Japan
Entry Date: 20020325
MeSH Date: 2002/03/26 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/03/26 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
Publication Status: ppublish
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002
Mar;50(3):309-11.
PMID: 11911191 UI: 21908046 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Herbal remedy-associated acute renal failure secondary
to Cape aloes.
Full author name: Luyckx, Valerie A; Ballantine, Robert; Claeys, Magda; Cuyckens, Filip; Van den Heuvel, Hilde; Cimanga, Richard K; Vlietinck, Arnold J; De Broe, Marc E; Katz, Ivor J.
Luyckx VA, Ballantine R, Claeys M, Cuyckens F, Van den Heuvel H, Cimanga RK, Vlietinck AJ, De Broe ME, Katz IJ. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Mar;39(3):E13.
[Article in English]
Department of Renal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa. vluyckx@hotmail.com
Use of traditional herbal remedies is common in Africa,
and many patients who visit traditional healers do not
need to resort to Western medicine. Acute renal failure
is one of the most serious complications resulting from
the use of traditional remedies, however, which
accounts for 35% of all cases of acute renal failure in
Africa. Traditional remedies rarely have been analyzed,
and little is known about their nephrotoxicity. We
report a case of a 47-year-old man from Soweto, South
Africa, who developed acute oliguric renal failure and
liver dysfunction after ingestion of an herbal remedy.
The patient's renal function recovered slowly, and
dialysis was discontinued after several weeks, although
serum creatinine did not return to the normal range.
Mass spectrometric and chromatographic analysis of the
herbal remedy used by the patient revealed the presence
of Cape aloes, a previously described nephrotoxin. Copyright 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Chemopreventive effects of Aloe arborescens on
N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced
pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters.
Full author name: Furukawa, Fumio; Nishikawa, Akiyoshi; Chihara, Takeshi; Shimpo, Kan; Beppu, Hidehiko; Kuzuya, Hiroshi; Lee, In Seon; Hirose, Masao.
Furukawa F, Nishikawa A, Chihara T, Shimpo K, Beppu H, Kuzuya H, Lee IS, Hirose M. Cancer Lett. 2002 Apr 25;178(2):117-22.
[Article in English]
Division of Pathology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, 158-8501, Tokyo, Japan
The modification effects of freeze-dried aloe
(Aloe arborescens) whole leaf powder during
the initiation phase of carcinogenesis were
investigated in hamsters treated with
N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine
(BOP). Female Syrian hamsters were given four
weekly subcutaneous injections of BOP at a dose of
10mg/kg and then given 0, 1 or 5% aloe in their diet
for 5 weeks. At week 54 of the experiment, all
surviving animals were sacrificed and development of
neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions was assessed
histopathologically. The incidences of pancreatic
adenocarcinomas, atypical hyperplasias or total
atypical hyperplasias plus adenocarcinomas were
significantly (P<0.05) decreased with
BOP+5% aloe, and that of adenocarcinomas were also
significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the
BOP+1% aloe as compared to the BOP alone group.
Multiplicities of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, atypical
hyperplasias or total lesions were also significantly
(P<0.01 or P<0.05) lower in the BOP+5%
aloe group than with the BOP alone. Quantitative data
for neoplastic lesions in the lung, liver, gall
bladder, kidney and urinary bladder of hamsters were
not significantly different among the three groups. In
a satellite experiment, pretreatment with aloe
significantly (P<0.01) reduced the
formation of O(6)-methyldeoxyguanosine in
epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts as compared to the
BOP alone value. Our results thus indicate that aloe
prevents BOP-induced pancreatic neoplasia in hamsters
in relation to decreased DNA adduct formation in the
target tissue. ISSN: 0304-3835
NLM Unique ID: 7600053
Country: Ireland
Entry Date: 20020227
MeSH Date: 2002/02/28 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/02/28 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383501008400
Publication Status: ppublish
Cancer Lett 2002 Apr 25;178(2):117-22.
PMID: 11867195 UI: 21856083 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Efficacy of crude extract of Aloe secundiflora against
Salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected
free-range chickens in Tanzania.
Full author name: Waihenya, R K; Mtambo, M M A; Nkwengulila, G; Minga, U M.
Waihenya RK, Mtambo MM, Nkwengulila G, Minga UM. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Mar;79(3):317-23.
[Article in English]
Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
The ethnoveterinary use of Aloe species extract in
free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was
investigated. Five-months-old local chickens, free of
antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. The chickens
were randomly assorted into five groups including
pretreated and infected (G1, n=21), infected
and untreated (G2, n=21), infected and
treated (G3, n=21), untreated and uninfected
(G4, n=10) and treated uninfected (G5,
n=10). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with
5.0x10(8) c.f.u/ml of Salmonella gallinarum,
following which the chickens were monitored for 15
days. There was a delay on the occurrence of the
clinical signs and reduced severity of the disease in
the Aloe treated chickens (G1 and G3). The
mortality rates were 23.8% (5/21) in G1
(pretreated and infected), 42.8%
(9/21) in G2 (infected and
untreated) and 14.2% (3/21) in G3
(infected and treated). Antibody levels were
raised among the infected and untreated group
(G2) while they remained relatively low in
the Aloe treated groups (G1 and G3). However,
there was a sharp increase in the levels of interleukin
6 (IL-6) in the Aloe treated groups (G1
and G3) as compared to the untreated group
(G2) until day 9 post-infection. The results
of this work indicate that the extract of Aloe
secundiflora may be used in the control of fowl typhoid
in chickens. Studies to determine the active
ingredients of the plant extract are in progress. ISSN: 0378-8741
NLM Unique ID: 7903310
Country: Ireland
Entry Date: 20020307
MeSH Date: 2002/02/19 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/02/19 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037887410100397X
Publication Status: ppublish
J Ethnopharmacol 2002 Mar;79(3):317-23.
PMID: 11849835 UI: 21839127 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extract of Aloe
secundiflora in chickens experimentally infected with
Newcastle disease virus.
Full author name: Waihenya, R K; Mtambo, M M A; Nkwengulila, G.
Waihenya RK, Mtambo MM, Nkwengulila G. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Mar;79(3):299-304.
[Article in English]
Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Two replicate experiments were carried out to verify
the efficacy of Aloe species (Aloaceae) as
used for the control of Newcastle disease
(ND) in rural poultry in free-range systems
among several communities in Tanzania. Four months old
local chickens free of Newcastle disease antibodies
were used. Following inoculation with ND virus, body
weights, clinical signs, antibody levels and mortality
were monitored. Results showed that there was reduced
mortality rate and the severity of clinical signs
during the acute phase of the infection in Aloe treated
chickens compared with the non-treated ones. However,
there was no significant effect of the Aloe on the
antibody levels that were attributed to the recovery of
the surviving chickens. The findings of this study
suggest that Aloe secundiflora could be a potential
candidate on the management of Newcastle disease in
chickens. Further studies are in progress to identify
the active ingredients of A. secundiflora against
Newcastle disease virus. ISSN: 0378-8741
NLM Unique ID: 7903310
Country: Ireland
Entry Date: 20020218
MeSH Date: 2002/02/19 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/02/19 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874101003701
Publication Status: ppublish
J Ethnopharmacol 2002 Mar;79(3):299-304.
PMID: 11849832 UI: 21839124 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Evaluation of the use of complementary and alternative
medicine in the largest United States-Mexico border
city.
Full author name: Rivera, Jose O; Ortiz, Melchor; Lawson, Mark E; Verma, Kalpana M.
Rivera JO, Ortiz M, Lawson ME, Verma KM. Pharmacotherapy. 2002 Feb;22(2):256-64.
[Article in English]
University of Texas at El Paso-University of Texas at Austin Cooperative Pharmacy Program, 79902, USA.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of complementary
and alternative medicine (CAM) in the El
Paso, Texas, region. DESIGN: Prospective observational
study conducted from April-October 2000. SETTING:
Several hospitals and clinics. SUBJECTS: Five hundred
forty-seven participants. INTERVENTION: Semi-structured
interview with a bilingual questionnaire. MEASUREMENTS
AND MAIN RESULTS: Complementary and alternative
medicine was used in 77% of our population. The most
common CAM providers were massage therapists
(19.4%) and herbalists (12.4%). The
most common herbal or home remedies were chamomile
(13.1%) and aloe vera (8.5%). The
most common nutritional or commercial products were
multivitamins (16%), ginseng
(3.6%), and ginkgo biloba (2.8%).
We identified 599 CAM usages that could result in drug
interactions, disease interactions, or adverse
reactions. CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of CAM use was
documented in this study. Our results indicate that
Hispanics in this area use CAM at a higher rate than
national trends. Many of these therapies can adversely
affect a variety of disease states and drug therapies. ISSN: 0277-0008
NLM Unique ID: 8111305
Country: United States
Entry Date: 20020211
MeSH Date: 2002/02/12 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/02/12 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
Publication Status: ppublish
Pharmacotherapy 2002 Feb;22(2):256-64.
PMID: 11837563 UI: 21824927 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Isolation and Characterization of a Bioactive
Mannose-Binding Protein from the Chinese Chive Allium
tuberosum.
Full author name: Ooi, Linda S M; Yu, Hong; Chen, Chun-Mei; Sun, Samuel S M; Ooi, Vincent E C.
Ooi LS, Yu H, Chen CM, Sun SS, Ooi VE. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Feb 13;50(4):696-700.
[Article in English]
Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China, and Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
A mannose-binding protein was isolated from two
different cultivars of the Chinese chive Allium
tuberosum by extraction with 0.2 M NaCl, ammonium
sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on
mannose agarose and fetuin agarose. It exhibited
hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes.
The lectin (agglutinin) was adsorbed on the
mannose-agarose column, but not on the fetuin-agarose
column. This A. tuberosum lectin (ATL) is
unglycosylated, and not sialic acid binding. Lectins
isolated from the two cultivars exhibited the same
molecular mass of 25 kDa on gel filtration
(Superose 12) and 12.5 kDa on
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that
they might be a dimeric protein composed of two
identical subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence
analysis of the lectin of various cultivars of A.
tuberosum revealed that they were identical and showed
50%, or more, homology to the lectins from Galanthus
nivalis (family Amaryllidaceae), Narcissus
tazetta (family Amaryllidaceae), and Aloe
arborescenes (family Liliaceae). ISSN: 0021-8561
NLM Unique ID: 0374755
Country: United States
Entry Date: 20020206
MeSH Date: 2002/02/07 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/02/07 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010878p
Publication Status: ppublish
J Agric Food Chem 2002 Feb 13;50(4):696-700.
PMID: 11829630 UI: 21818927 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Technical note: Artificial vagina vs a vaginal
collection vial for collecting semen from rams.
Full author name: Wulster-Radcliffe, M C; Williams, M A; Stellflug, J N; Lewis, G S.
Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Williams MA, Stellflug JN, Lewis GS. J Anim Sci. 2001 Dec;79(12):2964-7.
[Article in English]
USDA-ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423, USA.
The time required to train rams to an artificial vagina
(AV) makes collecting semen from large
numbers of rams difficult. To manage this problem, we
developed a glass, round-bottomed, 1.9-cm i.d. x 9.8-cm
long vaginal collection vial (VCV). Three
experiments were conducted to determine whether the VCV
affected 1) semen volume per collection, 2)
percentage of motile spermatozoa, 3) forward
progressive motility score before and after extension
and after freezing and thawing, and 4) our ability
to collect semen from untrained rams. A soft rubber cap
with a hole in the center was used to cover the VCV. A
VCV was inserted into the vagina of an estrual ewe, and
a monofilament line attached to the VCV was clipped to
the wool near the vulva. Rams were joined with
unrestrained ewes in a pen until they ejaculated into
the VCV. In Exp. 1, five rams trained to an AV were
used in a switchback design with four collection
periods. During each period (1 d), semen was
collected with an AV and a VCV. Immediately after
collection, semen volume and sperm motility were
quantified. Semen was extended with an aloe vera
gel-based diluent at a 1:4 dilution rate, motility was
quantified again, and semen was frozen. At 1 h after
freezing, semen was thawed and sperm motility was
quantified. Ejaculate volume (mean = 0.7 mL)
and all measures of motility after collection were
similar (P > 0.05) for the two collection
methods. In Exp. 2, 10 rams trained to an AV were used
in a switchback design with five collection periods
(period = 3 d). On d 1 and 3 of each period,
an AV and a VCV were used to collect semen. Collection
method did not affect (P > 0.05) ejaculate
volume (mean = 1.0 mL), percentage of motile
cells, or forward progressive motility score. In Exp.
3, 51 untrained rams were used in a switchback design
with a single collection period (2 d). Semen
was collected with an AV and a VCV. Ability to collect
an ejaculate and time required for collection were
recorded. The likelihood of collecting semen from
untrained rams was greater (P < 0.01)
using a VCV (mean = 31.4%) than using an AV
(mean = 9.8%). Collection method did not
affect (P > 0.05) ejaculate volume
(mean = 0.8 mL), percentage of motile cells,
or forward progressive motility score. We concluded
that a VCV could be used to collect semen from rams
that are not trained for semen collection without
decreasing ejaculate volume or sperm motility. ISSN: 0021-8812
NLM Unique ID: 8003002
Country: United States
Entry Date: 20020128
MeSH Date: 2002/01/29 10:00
Entrez Date: 2002/01/29 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
Publication Status: ppublish
J Anim Sci 2001 Dec;79(12):2964-7.
PMID: 11811448 UI: 21669767 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
The effect of aloe emodin on the proliferation of a new
merkel carcinoma cell line.
Full author name: Wasserman, Lina; Avigad, Smadar; Beery, Einat; Nordenberg, Jardena; Fenig, Eyal.
Wasserman L, Avigad S, Beery E, Nordenberg J, Fenig E. Am J Dermatopathol. 2002 Feb;24(1):17-22.
[Article in English]
Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel. yardenam@clalit.org.ie
A free-floating cell line has been established from a metastatic lesion of a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) patient. The cell line was characterized by immunocytochemical reactions with antibodies against the epithelial and neuroendocrine antigens: cytokeratin 20, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, neurofilament protein, synaptophysin, and calcitonin. Karyotype analysis of the MCC cells showed deletion in chromosomes 3 and 7, loss of chromosome 10, and several translocations in other chromosomes. No mutation was detected in the TP53 gene, after analyzing the complete coding region. Growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and nerve and epidermal growth factors had no effect on the proliferation of the cells. The differentiation-inducing agents sodium butyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide, especially the former, markedly inhibited the proliferation of the MCC cells. Aloe emodin, a natural constituent of aloe vera leaves, significantly inhibited the growth of MCC cells. Aloe emodin has been reported to be nontoxic for normal cells but to possess specific toxicity for neuroectodermal tumor cells. Differentiation-inducing agents, and aloe emodin, merit further investigation as potential agents for treating MCC.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Effect of aloe-emodin on expression of proliferating
cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cells in
culture after arterial injury.
Full author name: Xu, C; Yin, C; Wang, S.
Xu C, Yin C, Wang S. Chin Med J (Engl). 2001 Jun;114(6):571-6.
[Article in English]
Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of aloe-emodin on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after arterial injury and study the molecular mechanism of inhibition of aloe-emodin on SMC proliferation. METHODS: Deendothelialization was performed at the abdominal aorta in Japanese white rabbits using a 3F Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter. 48 hours later, the medium of abdominal aorta was isolated and primary SMCs culture was performed. Cells were synchronized to G0 by serum starvation, then aloe-emodin at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml was added to the culture medium containing 10% [v/v] fetal calf serum. Vehicle was also added to the medium as a control. After 18 hours, the expression of PCNA at the level of mRNA and protein were examined using techniques of RT/PCR, Western blotting and inmmunocytochemistry respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression of PCNA mRNA and protein was prominently decreased after addition of aloe-emodin. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of aloe-emodin on SMCs proliferation may be caused by inhibiting the expression of the PCNA gene.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci
formation in rat colorectum by whole leaf Aloe
arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger.
Full author name: Shimpo, K; Chihara, T; Beppu, H; Ida, C; Kaneko, T; Nagatsu, T; Kuzuya, H.
Shimpo K, Chihara T, Beppu H, Ida C, Kaneko T, Nagatsu T, Kuzuya H. Phytother Res. 2001 Dec;15(8):705-11.
[Article in English]
Fujita Memorial Institute of Pharmacognosy, Fujita Health University, Hisai, Mie 514-1296, Japan.
We examined the modifying effect of whole-leaf Aloe
arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger
(designated as 'ALOE') on azoxymethane
(AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci
(ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, in the
rat colorectum. Male F344 rats (4 weeks old)
were fed the basal diet, or experimental diets
containing 1% or 5% ALOE for 5 weeks. One week later,
all rats except those in the vehicle-treated groups
were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg, once weekly
for 3 weeks). At 9 weeks of age, all the rats were
killed, and the colorectum and liver were evaluated for
ACF and cytosolic quinone reductase (QR; a phase 2
enzyme), respectively. In rats given AOM and ALOE
(1% or 5% in diet) the numbers of
ACF/colorectum, aberrant crypts/colorectum, aberrant
crypts/focus and large ACF/colorectum were
significantly decreased compared with those of rats
given AOM alone (all p < 0.01). No ACF
were found in rats treated without AOM. In addition,
ALOE significantly increased cytosolic QR activity in
the liver (p < 0.01). These results
indicated that ALOE inhibited the development of
AOM-induced ACF in the rat colorectum, with increased
QR activity in the liver, and therefore suggested that
ALOE might have a chemopreventive effect against colon
carcinogenesis at least in the initiation stage. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Hypotensive effect of chemical constituents from Aloe
barbadensis.
Full author name: Saleem, R; Faizi, S; Siddiqui, B S; Ahmed, M; Hussain, S A; Qazi, A; Dar, A; Ahmad, S I; Qazi, M H; Akhtar, S; Hasnain, S N.
Saleem R, Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Ahmed M, Hussain SA, Qazi A, Dar A, Ahmad SI, Qazi MH, Akhtar S, Hasnain SN. Planta Med. 2001 Nov;67(8):757-60.
[Article in English]
Dr. H.M.I. Institute of Pharmacology and Herbal Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. rs127pk@yahoo.com
Hypotensive effects of aloeemodin, aloin A, elgonica
dimer A and bisbenzopyran from Aloe barbadensis have
been studied. Aloeemodin has emerged as a potent
hypotensive agent in current pharmacological
investigations and caused 26 %, 52 %, and 79 % falls in
mean arterial blood pressure at the corresponding doses
of 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg in rats. The paper also
describes the absolute configuration of elgonica dimer
A (1). ISSN: 0032-0943
NLM Unique ID: 0066751
Country: Germany
Entry Date: 20011203
MeSH Date: 2001/12/04 10:00
Entrez Date: 2001/12/04 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2001-18348
Publication Status: ppublish
Planta Med 2001 Nov;67(8):757-60.
PMID: 11731923 UI: 21588957 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin on cell death in
human lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Full author name: Lee, H Z; Hsu, S L; Liu, M C; Wu, C H.
Lee HZ, Hsu SL, Liu MC, Wu CH. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov 23;431(3):287-95.
[Article in English]
School of Pharmacy, China Medical College, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. hong@mail.cmc.edu.tw
Aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-anthraquinone) is an active component from the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum. The study investigated the effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin-induced cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line CH27. Aloe-emodin (40 microM)-induced CH27 cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation (DNA ladders and sub-G(1) formation). Aloe-emodin-induced apoptosis of CH27 cells involved modulation of the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, such as BclX(L), Bag-1, and Bak, and was associated with the translocation of Bak and Bax from cytosolic to particulate fractions. Aloe-emodin-treated CH27 cells had an increased relative abundance of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction. Results demonstrated that the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 is an important determinant of apoptotic death induced by aloe-emodin. These results suggest that aloe-emodin induces CH27 cell death by the Bax and Fas death pathway.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Cytotoxic and DNA damage-inducing activities of low
molecular weight phenols from rhubarb.
Full author name: Shi, Y Q; Fukai, T; Sakagami, H; Kuroda, J; Miyaoka, R; Tamura, M; Yoshida, N; Nomura, T.
Shi YQ, Fukai T, Sakagami H, Kuroda J, Miyaoka R, Tamura M, Yoshida N, Nomura T. Anticancer Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;21(4A):2847-53.
[Article in English]
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
Six new phenol (anthraquinone or stilbene) glycosides with an acyl group at 6-position of the glucopyranose moiety were isolated from rhubarb (the roots of Rheum palmatum) cultivated in Japan, together with 22 known compounds. Most of these compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against tumor and normal cells and for induction of DNA damage by spore rec-assay. Among them, emodin and aloe-emodin showed higher cytotoxic activities against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and salivary gland tumor (HSG) cell lines than against normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Chrysophanol 8-O-beta-(6'-acetyl)glucopyranoside, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone 4'-O-beta-D-(2"-O-galloyl-6"-O-cinnamoyl) glucopyranoside, and 6"-O-(4'''-hydroxybenzoyl) resveratroloside exhibited relatively higher cytotoxic activities against all these cells. The other glycosides of anthraquinone or stilbene showed weaker cytotoxic activity against these tumor cell lines, but may be considered as cancer chemopreventive agents. Spore rec-assay with a recombination deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis M45 demonstrated the DNA damage-inducing activity of emodin and aloe-emodin 15-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside among, rhubarb phenols.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
The wound-healing effect of a glycoprotein fraction
isolated from aloe vera.
Full author name: Choi, S W; Son, B W; Son, Y S; Park, Y I; Lee, S K; Chung, M H.
Choi SW, Son BW, Son YS, Park YI, Lee SK, Chung MH. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Oct;145(4):535-45.
[Article in English]
Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
BACKGROUND: Aloe vera has been used as a family medicine for promoting wound healing, but it is not known which component of the plant is effective for this purpose. OBJECTIVES: To isolate and characterize the component effective in wound healing. METHODS: Chromatography, electrophoresis and spectroscopic methods were used. The cell-proliferation activity of each component isolated was measured by a [3H]thymidine uptake assay. The cell-proliferation activity of the effective component was tested on a three-dimensional raft culture (cell culture technique by which artificial epidermis is made from keratinocytes). The effect of the active component on cell migration and wound healing was observed on a monolayer of human keratinocytes and in hairless mice. RESULTS: A glycoprotein fraction was isolated and named G1G1M1DI2. It showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with an apparent molecular weight of about 5.5 kDa. It exhibited significant [3H]thymidine uptake in squamous cell carcinoma cells. The effect of G1G1M1DI2 on cell migration was confirmed by accelerated wound healing on a monolayer of human keratinocytes. When this fraction was tested on a raft culture, it stimulated the formation of epidermal tissue. Furthermore, proliferation markers (epidermal growth factor receptor, fibronectin receptor, fibronectin, keratin 5/14 and keratin 1/10) were markedly expressed at the immunohistochemical level. The glycoprotein fraction enhanced wound healing in hairless mice by day 8 after injury, with significant cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that this glycoprotein fraction is involved in the wound-healing effect of aloe vera via cell proliferation and migration.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and
the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50
value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity
of plant extracts.
Full author name: Logarto Parra, A; Silva Yhebra, R; Guerra Sardinas, I; Iglesias Buela, L.
Logarto Parra A, Silva Yhebra R, Guerra Sardinas I, Iglesias Buela L. Phytomedicine. 2001 Sep;8(5):395-400.
[Article in English]
Drug Research and Development Center (CIDEM), Biologic Research Department, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. cidem@infomed.sld.cu
Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae), the brine
shrimp larva, is an invertebrate used in the
alternative test to determine toxicity of chemical and
natural products. In this study the Medium Lethal
Concentrations (LC50 value) of 20 plant
extracts, Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F.
(Aloeaceae), Artemisia absinthium L.
(Asteraceae); Citrus aurantium L.
(Rutaceae); Cymbopogon citratus (DC. Ex
Nees) Stapf (Poaceae); Datura stramonium
L. (Solanaceae); Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
(Acanthaceae); Musa x paradisiaca L.
(Musaceae); Ocimum basilicum L.; O.
gratissimum L.; O. tenuiflorum L.
(Lamiaceae); Pimenta dioica (L.)
Merr. (Myrtaceae); Piper auritum Kunth
(Piperaceae); Plantago major L.
(Plantaginaceae); Plectranthus amboinicus
(Lour.) Spreng. (Lamiaceae); Ruta
graveolens L. (Rutaceae); Senna alata
(L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae);
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
(Verbenaceae); and Thuja occidentalis L.
(Cupressaceae), were determined using Artemia
salina L. (Artemiidae), with the objective of
relating the results to the LD50 values reported in
mice (tested at three concentrations: 10, 100, and
1000 microg/mL, for each extract). We found good
correlation between the in vivo and the in vitro tests
(r = 0.85 p < 0.05), and this method is a
useful tool for predicting oral acute toxicity in plant
extracts. ISSN: 0944-7113
NLM Unique ID: 9438794
Country: Germany
Entry Date: 20011106
MeSH Date: 2001/11/07 10:00
Entrez Date: 2001/11/07 10:00
Citation Subset: IM
Publication Status: ppublish
Phytomedicine 2001 Sep;8(5):395-400.
PMID: 11695884 UI: 21552300 [PubMed - in process]
From PubMed
Protein kinase C involvement in aloe-emodin- and
emodin-induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma cell.
Full author name: Lee, H Z.
Lee HZ. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;134(5):1093-103.
[Article in English]
School of Pharmacy, China Medical College, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. hong@mail.cmc.edu.tw
1. This study demonstrated aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma cell lines CH27 (human lung squamous carcinoma cell) and H460 (human lung non-small cell carcinoma cell). Aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis was characterized by nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. 2. During apoptosis, an increase in cytochrome c of cytosolic fraction and activation of caspase-3, identified by the cleavage of its proform, were observed. 3. To elucidate whether the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are involved in aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis, this study examined the changes of PKC isozymes by Western blotting techniques during aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis. 4. The expression of PKC isozymes involved in aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis of CH27 and H460 cells. In this study, aloe-emodin and emodin induced the changes of each of PKC isozymes in CH27 and H460 cells. 5. The decrease in the expression of PKC delta and epsilon may play a critical role in aloe-emodin- and emodin-induced apoptosis in CH27 and H460 cells. 6. The present study also demonstrated that PKC stimulation occurs at a site downstream of caspase-3 in the emodin-mediated apoptotic pathway.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Roman pharmacy and the eastern drug trade.
Full author name: Scarborough, J.
Scarborough J. Pharm Hist. 1982;24(4):135-43.
[Article in English] No Abstract Available.
Publication Types:
MeSH Terms:
[Not Available]
Not Available
Full author name: Rohrich, H.
Rohrich H. Veroff Int Ges Gesch Pharm. 1972;38:221-9.
[Article in German] No Abstract Available.
Publication Types:
MeSH Terms:
Aloe exudate: characterization by reversed phase HPLC
and headspace GC-MS.
Full author name: Saccu, D; Bogoni, P; Procida, G.
Saccu D, Bogoni P, Procida G. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Oct;49(10):4526-30.
[Article in English]
Dipartimento di Economia e Merceologia delle Risorse Naturali e della Produzione, Via A. Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
From the leaves of aloe, a succulent plant, a dried exudate commonly called aloe can be obtained, which is used as a natural drug for its cathartic effect and is widely employed as a bittering agent in alcoholic beverages. This investigation provides a tentative characterization of several commercial aloe exudates carried out both by reversed phase HPLC and by headspace GC-MS analysis. By means of HPLC the derivatives were evaluated, and by GC-MS the volatile fraction was investigated. Qualitative and quantitative differences among the constituents in various samples of different origins were found. In particular, these were evident in the HPLC profile of Kenya aloe and an Aloe barbadensis sample, which exuded a high content of isoaloeresin D and aloins, whereas GC-MS analysis showed the presence of anisole exclusively in Kenya aloe samples. Moreover, the results obtained by means of the latter technique suggested a reason for the prevailing use of Mosselbay and Port Elizabeth aloes in bitter spirits formulation.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
[Studies on the voltammetric behaviour of
barbaloin and its application]
Full author name: Li, Q L; Ren, L; Hu, J B; Feng, R Q.
Li QL, Ren L, Hu JB, Feng RQ. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1997 Sep;32(9):691-4.
[Article in Chinese]
Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875.
In 0.1 mol.L-1 H2SO4 solution, a well-defined reduction wave of barbaloin was obtained by single-sweep osciflopolarography. The peak potential was shown to be -0.75 V (vs SCE). The peak current is proportional to the concentration of barbaloin over the range of 2.0 x 10(-7)-6.0 x 10(-6) mol.L-1. The detection limit is 2.0 x 10(-7) mol.L-1. The voltammetric behaviour of the system was studied by linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry. The adsorption coefficient beta was 1.91 x 10(5). The interaction factor alpha was 1.12. The system is a reversible adsorption wave.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Study of silicone vehicles for Aloe vera.
Full author name: Gallardo, V; Montoya, R; Ruiz, M A.
Gallardo V, Montoya R, Ruiz MA. J Cosmet Sci. 2001 Sep-Oct;52(5):255-63.
[Article in English]
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
The effect of different surfactants on the synthesis of a silicone latex is studied. Distinct formulations were mixed and then tested with regard to stability as a function of time and temperature. The ones with the best characteristics for acting as a vehicle for the active cosmetic ingredient Aloe vera are indicated.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Metabolism of 1,8-dihydroxy 3-hydroxy methyl
anthraquinone (aloe-emodin) isolated from the
leaves of Cassia tora in albino rats.
Full author name: Maity, T K; Mandal, S C; Bhakta, T; Pal, M; Saha, B P.
Maity TK, Mandal SC, Bhakta T, Pal M, Saha BP. Phytother Res. 2001 Aug;15(5):459-60.
[Article in English]
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur, Ganjam, 760 002, Orissa, India.
Cassia tora is a well known plant of India. Aloe-emodin
was isolated from the leaves of this plant and its
metabolism pattern was studied. The results showed that
about 15.4% of the administered aloe-emodin was
excreted and the rest was probably bound or metabolized
in the system. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
[Investigation on electrochemical behavior of
emodin and its application]
Full author name: Zou, H; Yuan, Z B.
Zou H, Yuan ZB. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1997 Apr;32(4):310-3.
[Article in Chinese]
Graduate School, USTC, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100039.
Emodin showed a second-order derivative reduction wave with peak potential of -0.75 V (SCE) by single sweep oscillopolarography using H3BO3-Na2B4O7 (pH 8.50) as base solution. The peak height of emodin is proportional to the concentration in the range of 1.42 x 10(-7)-5.7 x 10(-6) mol.L-1 and 7.1 x 10(-6)-7.1 x 10(-5) mol.L-1, respectively. The detection limit is 0.7 x 10(-7) mol.L-1. It can be employed for the determination of emodin in Rheum officinale Baill with satisfaction. The electrochemical behavior of emodin was studied and the electrode reaction mechanism was proposed. In addition, it was found that emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, rhein and physcion can scavenge superoxide anion radical produced by the autoxidation of pyrogallol. The scavenging activity is in the order: emodin > aloe-emodin > chrysophanol > rhein > physcion.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Adverse and beneficial effects of plant extracts on
skin and skin disorders.
Full author name: Mantle, D; Gok, M A; Lennard, T W.
Mantle D, Gok MA, Lennard TW. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 2001 Jun;20(2):89-103.
[Article in English]
Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU.
Plants are of relevance to dermatology for both their adverse and beneficial effects on skin and skin disorders respectively. Virtually all cultures worldwide have relied historically, or continue to rely on medicinal plants for primary health care. Approximately one-third of all traditional medicines are for treatment of wounds or skin disorders, compared to only 1-3% of modern drugs. The use of such medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of skin disorders arguably has been based largely on historical/anecdotal evidence, since there has been relatively little data available in the scientific literature, particularly with regard to the efficacy of plant extracts in controlled clinical trials. In this article therefore, adverse and beneficial aspects of medicinal plants relating to skin and skin disorders have been reviewed, based on recently available information from the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Beneficial aspects of medicinal plants on skin include: healing of wounds and burn injuries (especially Aloe vera); antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial and acaricidal activity against skin infections such as acne, herpes and scabies (especially tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil); activity against inflammatory/immune disorders affecting skin (e.g. psoriasis); and anti-tumour promoting activity against skin cancer (identified using chemically-induced two-stage carcinogenesis in mice). Adverse effects of plants on skin reviewed include: irritant contact dermatitis caused mechanically (spines, irritant hairs) or by irritant chemicals in plant sap (especially members of the Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Compositae plant families); phytophotodermatitis resulting from skin contamination by plants containing furocoumarins, and subsequent exposure to UV light (notably members of the Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plant families); and immediate (type I) or delayed hypersensitivity contact reactions mediated by the immune system in individuals sensitized to plants or plant products (e.g. peanut allergy, poison ivy (Toxicodendron) poisoning).
Publication Types:
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Substances:
[Effect of aloe-emodin on proliferation of
vascular smooth muscle cells after arterial
injury]
Full author name: Yin, C; Xu, C.
Yin C, Xu C. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1998 Jul;18(7):420-2.
[Article in Chinese]
People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Aloe-emodin (AE), an active ingredient of Rhubarb, on the kinetics of proliferation of smooth muscular cells (SMCs) cultured in vitro after rabbit iliac arterial injury. METHODS: Forty-eight hours after de-endothelialization (balloon endothelial denudation), the iliac arteries of the Japanese white rabbits were isolated and the smooth muscle cells were cultured primarily. AE was added to culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). The cultures were pulse-labeled with 3H-TdR and TdR uptake into VSMC were measured and the cell cycle of the cultures were analyzed by using flow cytometer. RESULTS: Compared with control, when the concentration gradient ranged from 10(-1) to 10(-5) g/L, the amount (cpm, count per minute) of 3H-TdR uptake into SMCs has significant differences (P < 0.05) and 10(-1) and 10(-2) g/L AE showed strong inhibitory effects on TdR uptake into VSMC and the percentage of inhibition [% inhibition = (cpm without AE - cpm with AE)/cpm without AE x 100%] was more than 90%. AE displayed concentration dependent inhibitory effects. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased, but the percentage of cells in S phase was decreased in AE group, the transition of SMC cycle phase from G0 to S was blocked. CONCLUSIONS: AE is a strong inhibitor to the proliferation of SMCs and the pharmacological action of AE might reduce SMC proliferation in vivo and decrease intimal hyperplasia of restenosis.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic
and functional maturation of immature dendritic cells.
Full author name: Lee, J K; Lee, M K; Yun, Y P; Kim, Y; Kim, J S; Kim, Y S; Kim, K; Han, S S; Lee, C K.
Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001 Jul;1(7):1275-84.
[Article in English]
College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea.
Acemannan, a major carbohydrate fraction of Aloe vera gel, has been known to have antiviral and antitumoral activities in vivo through activation of immune responses. The present study was set out to define the immunomodulatory activity of acemannan on dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important accessory cells for the initiation of primary immune responses. Immature DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells by culturing in a medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then stimulated with acemannan, sulfated acemannan, and LPS, respectively. The resultant DCs were examined for phenotypic and functional properties. Phenotypic analysis for the expression of class II MHC molecules and major co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1, B7-2, CD40 and CD54 confirmed that acemannan could induce maturation of immature DCs. Functional maturation of immature DCs was supported by increased allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and IL-12 production. The differentiation-inducing activity of acemannan was almost completely abolished by chemical sulfation. Based on these results, we propose that the adjuvant activity of acemannan is at least in part due to its capacity to promote differentiation of immature DCs.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Phytoestrogens from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum
(Polygonaceae): structure-requirement of
hydroxyanthraquinones for estrogenic activity.
Full author name: Matsuda, H; Shimoda, H; Morikawa, T; Yoshikawa, M.
Matsuda H, Shimoda H, Morikawa T, Yoshikawa M. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2001 Jul 23;11(14):1839-42.
[Article in English]
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, 607-8412, Kyoto, Japan.
The methanolic extract from the roots of Polygonum (P.) cuspidatum was found to enhance cell proliferation at 30 or 100 microg/mL in MCF-7, an estrogen-sensitive cell line. By bioassay-guided separation from P. cuspidatum with the most potent activity, emodin and emodin 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated as active principles. The methanolic extracts from Polygonum, Cassia, Aloe, and Rheum species, which were known to contain anthraquinones, also showed the MCF-7 proliferation. As a result of the evaluation of various anthraquinones from plant sources and synthetic anthraquinones, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, chrysophanol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone showed weak activity. On the other hand, alizalin and 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone as well as emodin having the 2- and/or 6-hydroxyl groups showed potent activity. These results show that the unchelated hydroxyl group is essential for strong activity. Emodin and 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone also inhibited 17beta-estradiol binding to human estrogen receptors (ERs) with K(i) values of 0.77 and 0.31microM for ERalpha and 1.5 and 0.69 microM for ERbeta. These findings indicate that hydroxyanthraquinones such as emodin are phytoestrogens with an affinity to human estrogen receptors.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Biodisposition of FITC-labeled aloemannan in mice.
Full author name: Yagi, A; Hamano, S; Tanaka, T; Kaneo, Y; Fujioka, T; Mihashi, K.
Yagi A, Hamano S, Tanaka T, Kaneo Y, Fujioka T, Mihashi K. Planta Med. 2001 Jun;67(4):297-300.
[Article in English]
Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan. yagi@fupharm.fukuyama-u.ac.jp
Biodisposition of FITC-labeled aloemannan (F-AM) with the homogenate from some organs in mice was demonstrated. F-AM was metabolized only by the mucosa from the large intestine into smaller molecules that were effectively absorbed in mice. The homogenate from the other tissues did not affect the metabolism of F-AM. The degraded product (1) of F-AM after incubation with 10% feces homogenate for 24 h was chromatographed on a highly porous polymer and a Sephadex LH-20 column to provide an FITC-degraded fraction (2), which was shown to have a molecular weight of 800 D on Sephadex G-25 gel permeation. Metabolite 2 was examined by physicochemical methods and shown to be a mixture of FITC-hexose and -2 hexose on FAB-MS. An FITC-degraded fraction (3) with a molecular weight of 3 KD was obtained by 6-h incubation with 10% feces homogenate on Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and was shown to be a mixture of FITC-9 and 12 x hexose on TOF-MS.
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
In vitro antiviral activity of the anthraquinone
chrysophanic acid against poliovirus.
Full author name: Semple, S J; Pyke, S M; Reynolds, G D; Flower, R L.
Semple SJ, Pyke SM, Reynolds GD, Flower RL. Antiviral Res. 2001 Mar;49(3):169-78.
[Article in English]
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. susan.semple@unisa.edu.au
Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dianella longifolia, has been found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus types 2 and 3 (Picornaviridae) in vitro. The compound inhibited poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects in BGM (Buffalo green monkey) kidney cells at a 50% effective concentration of 0.21 and 0.02 microgram/ml for poliovirus types 2 and 3, respectively. The compound inhibited an early stage in the viral replication cycle, but did not have an irreversible virucidal effect on poliovirus particles. Chrysophanic acid did not have significant antiviral activity against five other viruses tested: Coxsackievirus types A21 and B4, human rhinovirus type 2 (Picornaviridae), and the enveloped viruses Ross River virus (Togaviridae) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (Herpesviridae). Four structurally-related anthraquinones--rhein, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, emodin and aloe-emodin were also tested for activity against poliovirus type 3. None of the four compounds was as active as chrysophanic acid against the virus. The results suggested that two hydrophobic positions on the chrysophanic acid molecule (C-6 and the methyl group attached to C-3) were important for the compound's activity against poliovirus.
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Substances:
Aposematic (warning) coloration associated
with thorns in higher plants.
Full author name: Lev-Yadun, S.
Lev-Yadun S. J Theor Biol. 2001 Jun 7;210(3):385-8.
[Article in English]
Department of Biology, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel. levyadun@research.haifa.ac.il
Aposematic coloration, a well-known phenomenon in
animals, has been given little attention in plants.
Here I discuss two types of conspicuousness of thorns
which are typical of many plant species: (1)
colorful thorns, and (2) white spots, or
white and colorful stripes, associated with thorns in
leaves and stems. Both types of aposematic coloration
predominate the spine system of taxa rich with spiny
species-Cacti, the genera Agave, Aloe and Euphorbia.
The phenomena have been recorded here in over a
thousand species originating in several continents of
both the Old and New World. I propose that this is a
case of vegetal aposematic coloration analogous to such
coloration of poisonous animals, and which communicates
between plants and herbivores. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
MeSH Terms:
Herbal therapy: what every facial plastic surgeon must
know.
Full author name: Pribitkin, E D; Boger, G.
Pribitkin ED, Boger G. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2001 Apr-Jun;3(2):127-32.
[Article in English]
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Sixth Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Edmund.Pribitkin@mail.tju.edu
Herbal medicine (phytomedicine) uses remedies possessing significant pharmacological activity and, consequently, potential adverse effects and drug interactions. The explosion in sales of herbal therapies has brought many products to the marketplace that do not conform to the standards of safety and efficacy that physicians and patients expect. Unfortunately, few surgeons question patients regarding their use of herbal medicines, and 70% of patients do not reveal their use of herbal medicines to their physicians and pharmacists. All surgeons should question patients about the use of the following common herbal remedies, which may increase the risk of bleeding during surgical procedures: feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, and Asian ginseng. Physicians should exercise caution in prescribing retinoids or advising skin resurfacing in patients using St John's wort, which poses a risk of photosensitivity reaction. Several herbal medicines, such as aloe vera gel, contain pharmacologically active ingredients that may aid in wound healing. Practitioners who wish to recommend herbal medicines to patients should counsel them that products labeled as supplements have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration and that no guarantee of product quality can be made.
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Substances:
Buyer beware.
[No authors listed]. Crit Path AIDS Proj. 1998 Fall;(No 33):33.
[Article in English]
Publication Types:
MeSH Terms:
The effect of aloe vera gel/mild soap versus mild soap
alone in preventing skin reactions in patients
undergoing radiation therapy.
Full author name: Olsen, D L; Raub, W Jr; Bradley, C; Johnson, M; Macias, J L; Love, V; Markoe, A.
Olsen DL, Raub W Jr, Bradley C, Johnson M, Macias JL, Love V, Markoe A. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001 Apr;28(3):543-7.
[Article in English]
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, USA.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of mild soap and aloe vera gel versus mild soap alone would decrease the incidence of skin reactions in patients undergoing radiation therapy. DATA SOURCES: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. SETTING: Radiation therapy outpatient clinic in a cancer center affiliated with a major teaching medical facility. SAMPLE: The mean age of the participants was 56 years. The group consisted of Caucasians (74%) and African Americans (26%). The ethnic mix was non-Hispanic (65%) and Hispanic (35%). METHODS: Prophylactic skin care began on the first day of radiation therapy. Patients cleansed the area with mild, unscented soap. Patients randomized into the experimental arm of the trial were instructed to liberally apply aloe vera gel to the area at various intervals throughout the day. FINDINGS: At low cumulative dose levels < or = 2,700 cGy, no difference existed in the effect of adding aloe. When the cumulative dose was high (> 2,700 cGy), the median time was five weeks prior to any skin changes in the aloe/soap arm versus three weeks in the soap only arm. When the cumulative dose increases over time, there seems to be a protective effect of adding aloe to the soap regimen. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Skin products used to treat radiation dermatitis vary among institutions. Nurses should be aware that some patients may be predisposed to skin problems. Nurses must be aware of newly developed products and research regarding these products so that effective treatment can be instituted.
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Substances:
A chemotaxonomic and morphological appraisal of Aloe series Purpurascentes, Aloe section Anguialoe and their hybrid, Aloe broomii.
Viljoen AM, van Wyk B. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2001 Jun;29(6):621-631.
[Article in English]
Department of Botany, Rand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, 2006, Auckland Park, South Africa
Evidence is presented to suggest the hybrid origin of
Aloe broomii, with the one putative parent belonging to
Aloe series Purpurascentes and the other a member of
Aloe series Anguialoe. A chemotaxonomic and
morphological assessment is presented for both
infrageneric groups and their hypothesised hybrid. Four
of the species belonging to the series Purpurascentes
display a characteristic leaf exudate profile
containing the chemotaxonomic marker microstigmin. Aloe
gariepensis and A. succotrina lack the diagnostic leaf
exudate compounds. The distinct morphological
apomorphies for Aloe section Anguialoe are supported on
the chemical level reinforcing the monophyly of this
group. ISSN: 0305-1978
Entry Date: 20010504
MeSH Date: 2001/05/05 10:00
Entrez Date: 2001/05/05 10:00
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305197800000958
Publication Status: ppublish
Biochem Syst Ecol 2001 Jun;29(6):621-631.
PMID: 11336811 UI: 0 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
From PubMed
The M and M's of aloe vera--is it for dentistry?
Full author name: Moore, T E.
Moore TE. J Okla Dent Assoc. 2001 Winter;91(3):30-1, 36.
[Article in English]
Publication Types:
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
Isolation and identification of a phenolic antioxidant
from Aloe barbadensis.
Full author name: Lee, K Y; Weintraub, S T; Yu, B P.
Lee KY, Weintraub ST, Yu BP. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jan 15;28(2):261-5.
[Article in English]
Department of Food and Nutrition, Ho Seo University, Asan, Chungmam, Korea.
A potent antioxidative compound has been isolated from a methanolic extract of Aloe barbadensis Miller using a combination of column and thin-layer chromatography. The antioxidant activity of this substance was similar to that of alpha-tocopherol as assessed in vitro using rat brain homogenates. On the basis of electrospray ionization and electron-impact ionization mass spectra in combination with reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic behavior, this compound has been identified as 8-C-beta-D-[2-O-(E)-coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl-2-[2-hydroxy]-propyl-7-methox y-5-methylchromone.
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Herbal and alternative medicine use during pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey.
Gibson PS, Powrie R, Star J. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Apr;97(4 Suppl 1):S44-S45.
[Article in English]
Women & Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
Background: The use of herbal and alternative medical
therapies has been increasing rapidly across the United
States over the past 10 years. Women of reproductive
age often are users of herbs. The use of herbal and
alternative medical therapies among pregnant women is
important but poorly studied to date.Objective: To
determine the frequency of use of herbal and
alternative medicine by women during pregnancy.Methods:
Two hundred fifty pregnant women attending antepartum
visits were prospectively enrolled in a cross-sectional
survey about use of herbal and alternative medical
therapies.Results: Two hundred forty-two women
completed surveys (97%). Of the respondents,
9.1% reported use of herbal supplements during the
current pregnancy, 7.5% using these agents at least
weekly. The most commonly used herbs during pregnancy
were garlic, aloe, chamomile, peppermint, ginger,
echinacea, pumpkin seeds, and ginseng. Herb use during
pregnancy was strongly associated with prior use of
herbal supplements (25.6% versus 1.2%, P
<0.001). There were trends toward greater use
among white women (11.4% versus 6.1% in other
racial groups) and in women with at least
college-level education (10.1% versus 7.6% for
high school or less). No association was found
between herb use during pregnancy and age or income
level. Alternative medical therapies were used by 13.3%
of pregnant women. The therapies included aromatherapy,
meditation/relaxation, chiropractic, yoga, acupressure,
therapeutic touch, homeopathy, acupuncture, and
reflexotherapy.Conclusion: Herbal and alternative
medicine use is common among pregnant women. Pregnant
women should be asked about their use of these
therapies. Further research is needed to clarify the
safety and effectiveness of these therapies during
pregnancy. ISSN: 0029-7844
Journal Title Code: OC2
Entry Date: 20010328
MeSH Date: 2001/03/29 10:00
Entrez Date: 2001/03/29 10:00
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0029784401012509
Publication Status: ppublish
Obstet Gynecol 2001 Apr;97(4 Suppl
1):S44-S45.
PMID: 11275149 UI: 0 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
From PubMed
Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in
type I and type II diabetic rat models.
Full author name: Okyar, A; Can, A; Akev, N; Baktir, G; Sutlupinar, N.
Okyar A, Can A, Akev N, Baktir G, Sutlupinar N. Phytother Res. 2001 Mar;15(2):157-61.
[Article in English]
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istanbul, 34452 Universite, Istanbul, Turkey.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. (= A. barbadensis Miller) (Liliaceae) is native to North Africa and also cultivated in Turkey. Aloes have long been used all over the world for their various medicinal properties. In the past 15 years, there have been controversial reports on the hypoglycaemic activity of Aloe species, probably due to differences in the parts of the plant used or to the model of diabetes chosen. In this study, separate experiments on three main groups of rats, namely, non-diabetic (ND), type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats were carried out. A. vera leaf pulp and gel extracts were ineffective on lowering the blood sugar level of ND rats. A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats, the effectiveness being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide. On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats. It may therefore be concluded that the pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Characterization of Aloeride, a new
high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera
with potent immunostimulatory activity.
Full author name: Pugh, N; Ross, S A; ElSohly, M A; Pasco, D S.
Pugh N, Ross SA, ElSohly MA, Pasco DS. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Feb;49(2):1030-4.
[Article in English]
Department of Pharmacognosy, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
We have characterized a new immunostimulatory polysaccharide called Aloeride from commercial aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) juice. Aloeride is between 4 and 7 million Da, and its glycosyl components include glucose (37.2%), galactose (23.9%), mannose (19.5%), and arabinose (10.3%). At 0.5 microg/mL Aloeride increased NF-kappa B directed luciferase expression in THP-1 human monocytic cells to levels 50% of those achieved by maximal concentrations (10 microg/mL) of LPS. Aloeride induced the expression of the mRNAs encoding IL-1beta and TNF-alpha to levels equal to those observed in cells maximally activated by LPS. Acemannan, the major carbohydrate component from aloe, used at 200 microg/mL in the macrophage assay resulted in negligible NF-kappa B activation. Analysis of acemannan and Aloeride using size-exclusion chromatography suggests that the low activity of acemannan is due to trace amounts of Aloeride. Although Aloeride comprises only 0.015% of the aloe juice dry weight, its potency for macrophage activation accounts fully for the activity of the crude juice.
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Determination of aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin in
aloe species by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
Full author name: Kuzuya, H; Tamai, I; Beppu, H; Shimpo, K; Chihara, T.
Kuzuya H, Tamai I, Beppu H, Shimpo K, Chihara T. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Mar 5;752(1):91-7.
[Article in English]
Fujita Memorial Institute of Pharmacognosy, Fujita Health University, Hisai, Mie, Japan. hkuzu@fujita-hu.ac.jp
Aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin in JP Aloe, Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) and Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Aloe arborescens Miller) were determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin were well separated by MEKC and as little as 5.5 pg/11 nl of the three compounds could be detected. The determination took around 14 min.
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[Peroxidase and soluble protein in the leaves of
Aloe vera L. var. chinensis
(Haw.)Berger]
Full author name: Gao, W; Xiao, P.
Gao W, Xiao P. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1997 Nov;22(11):653-4, 702.
[Article in Chinese]
Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100094.
The peroxidase activity and soluble protein content in the leaves of Aloe vera var. chinensis were assayed by spectrophotometric method. The results show that the peroxidase activity in the upper most and lower parts of leaves is comparatively high. Soluble protein content decreases from top to bottom leaves. The results of electrophoresis of soluble protein show that the patterns of upper leaves have more and darker bands than those of lower leaves.
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Peroxidase activity in Aloe barbadensis commercial gel:
probable role in skin protection.
Full author name: Esteban, A; Zapata, J M; Casano, L; Martin, M; Sabater, B.
Esteban A, Zapata JM, Casano L, Martin M, Sabater B. Planta Med. 2000 Dec;66(8):724-7.
[Article in English]
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
A basic peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) (pl around 9.0) has been identified in commercial gel of Aloe barbadensis. In vivo, the activity is localised in the vascular system of inner aqueous leaf parenchyma. Some relevant properties of this basic peroxidase of Aloe have been investigated in leaf extract and in commercial gel where it is notably stable. The acid optimum pH (5.0) for activity and the low KM for H2O2 (0.14 mM) suggest that, when topically applied, Aloe peroxidase may scavenge H2O2 in skin surface.
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Chemomodulatory action of Aloe vera on the profiles of
enzymes associated with carcinogen metabolism and
antioxidant status regulation in mice.
Full author name: Singh, R P; Dhanalakshmi, S; Rao, A R.
Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Rao AR. Phytomedicine. 2000 Jun;7(3):209-19.
[Article in English]
Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
The effect of two doses (30 microl and 60 microl/day/mice daily for 14 days) of the fresh leaf pulp extract of Aloe vera was examined on carcinogen-metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. The modulatory effect of the pulp extract was also examined on extrahepatic organs (lung, kidney and forestomach) for the activities of glutathione S-transferase, DT-diophorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The positive control mice were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Significant increases in the levels of acid soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) content, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in the liver. Aloe vera significantly reduced the levels of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5. Thus, Aloe vera is clearly an inducer of phase-II enzyme system. Treatment with both doses of Aloe caused a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the liver, suggesting its role in protection against prooxidant-induced membrane and cellular damage. The microsomal and cytosolic protein was significantly enhanced by Aloe vera, indicating the possibility of its involvement in the induction of protein synthesis. BHA, an antioxidant compound, provided the authenticity of our assay protocol and response of animals against modulator. The pulp extract was effective in inducing GST, DTD, SOD and catalase as measured in extrahepatic organs. Thus, besides liver, other organs (lung, kidney and forestomach) were also influenced favorably by Aloe vera in order to detoxify reactive metabolites, including chemical carcinogens and drugs.
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Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants for antibacterial
and cytotoxic activities.
Full author name: Ali, N A; Julich, W D; Kusnick, C; Lindequist, U.
Ali NA, Julich WD, Kusnick C, Lindequist U. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Feb;74(2):173-9.
[Article in English]
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
Ethanolic extracts of 20 selected plant species used by Yemeni traditional healers to treat infectious diseases were screened for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as for cytotoxic activity. Fourteen of the ethanolic extracts showed variable degrees of antibacterial activity. The active ethanolic extracts were partitioned between ethyl acetate and water for a first separation. The ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be the most active one against all bacteria in the test system. Other promising results could be obtained from extracts of Aloe perryi, Indigofera oblongifolia, Meriandra benghalensis and Ziziphus spina christi. Additionally, the ethanolic extracts of the 20 plants under investigation were tested for their cytotoxic effects on FL-cells using the neutral red assay. Extracts of Calotropis procera, Chenopodium murale, Pulicaria orientalis, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somniferum displayed a remarkable activity.
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Substances:
Constituents of Aloe rubroviolacea.
Full author name: Blitzke, T; Masaoud, M; Schmidt, J.
Blitzke T, Masaoud M, Schmidt J. Fitoterapia. 2001 Jan;72(1):78-9.
[Article in English]
Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
The isolation of three C-glycosyl chromones, four anthraquinones and a mixture of phytosterols from the leaves of Aloe rubroviolacea was reported.
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Substances:
A chlorinated amide and piperidine alkaloids from Aloe
sabaea.
Full author name: Blitzke, T; Porzel, A; Masaoud, M; Schmidt, J.
Blitzke T, Porzel A, Masaoud M, Schmidt J. Phytochemistry. 2000 Dec;55(8):979-82.
[Article in English]
Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Phytochemical investigations of Aloe sabaea afforded a new chlorinated amide, N-4'-chlorobutylbutyramide, and the toxic piperidine alkaloids coniine, gamma-coniceine and the quarternary N,N-dimethylconiine. This is the first report of the occurrence of a chlorinated compound in the Aloeaceae family.
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Chromones and anthrones from Aloe marlothii and Aloe
rupestris.
Full author name: Bisrat, D; Dagne, E; van Wyk, B E; Viljoen, A.
Bisrat D, Dagne E, van Wyk BE, Viljoen A. Phytochemistry. 2000 Dec;55(8):949-52.
[Article in English]
Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
A phytochemical investigation of the leaf exudate of Aloe marlothii has resulted in the isolation of a new chromone (7-O-methylaloeresin A) and a new anthrone (5-hydroxyaloin A 6'-O-acetate). Furthermore 7-O-methylaloesin was isolated as a natural product for the first time from the leaf exudate of Aloe rupestris. The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on spectral data including 2D NMR. The chemotaxonomic value of 7-O-methylaloesin in Aloe series Asperifoliae and section Pachydendron is discussed.
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Aloe-Emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver
injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.
Full author name: Arosio, B; Gagliano, N; Fusaro, L M; Parmeggiani, L; Tagliabue, J; Galetti, P; De Castri, D; Moscheni, C; Annoni, G.
Arosio B, Gagliano N, Fusaro LM, Parmeggiani L, Tagliabue J, Galetti P, De Castri D, Moscheni C, Annoni G. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000 Nov;87(5):229-33.
[Article in English]
Department of Internal Medicine, Milano University Study and Hospital Maggiore IRCCS, Italy.
Aloe contains several active compounds including aloin, a C-glycoside that can be hydrolyzed in the gut to form aloe-emodin anthrone which, in turn, is auto-oxidized to the quinone aloe-emodin. On the basis of the claimed hepatoprotective activity of some antraquinones, we studied aloe-emodin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication, since this xenobiotic induces acute liver damage by lipid peroxidation subsequent to free radical production. Twelve rats were treated with CCl4 (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and six were protected with two intraperitoneally injections of aloe-emodin (50 mg/kg; CCl4+aloe-emodin); six other rats were only aloe-emodin injected (aloe-emodin) and six were untreated (control). Histological examination of the livers showed less marked lesions in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats than in those treated with CCl4 alone, and this was confirmed by the serum levels of L-aspartate-2-oxoglutate-aminotransferase (394+/-38.6 UI/l in CCl4, 280+/-24.47 UI/l in CCl4+aloe-emodin rats; P<0.05). We also quantified changes in hepatic albumin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNAs. Albumin mRNA expression was significantly lower only in the liver of CCl4 rats (P<0.05 versus control) and was only slightly reduced in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats. In contrast tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the CCl4 than the control rats and almost equal in the CCl4+aloe-emodin, aloe-emodin and control groups. In conclusion, aloe-emodin appears to have some protective effect not only against hepatocyte death but also on the inflammatory response subsequent to lipid peroxidation.
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Randomized phase III study comparing Best Supportive
Care to Biafine as a prophylactic agent for
radiation-induced skin toxicity for women undergoing
breast irradiation: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
(RTOG) 97-13.
Full author name: Fisher, J; Scott, C; Stevens, R; Marconi, B; Champion, L; Freedman, G M; Asrari, F; Pilepich, M V; Gagnon, J D; Wong, G.
Fisher J, Scott C, Stevens R, Marconi B, Champion L, Freedman GM, Asrari F, Pilepich MV, Gagnon JD, Wong G. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Dec 1;48(5):1307-10.
[Article in English]
Radiation Oncology Center, Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, MI 48123, USA. fisherj@oakwood.org
PURPOSE: To determine if Biafine compared to Best Supportive Care (BSC) is effective in minimizing or preventing radiation-induced dermatitis in women undergoing breast irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients were randomized between Biafine (n = 83) vs. BSC (n = 89). The institutions identified preference for BSC at the time of randomization. A no-treatment arm was allowed (16% received no treatment). Patients were instructed to apply randomized product three times a day, but not within 4 h of their daily RT session. Application began following their first radiation treatment and continued 2 weeks postradiation. Skin dermatitis was scored weekly utilizing the RTOG and ONS (Oncology Nursing Society) skin toxicity scales, a weekly patient satisfaction and quality-of-life questionnaire. RESULTS: Using the RTOG toxicity scale there was no overall difference for maximum dermatitis during RT between Biafine and BSC (p = 0.77). There was no difference in maximum toxicity by arm or breast size. There was an interaction between breast size and toxicity, with large-breasted women exhibiting more toxicity. Large-breasted women receiving Biafine were more likely to have no toxicity 6 weeks post RT. CONCLUSION: There was no overall difference between BSC and Biafine in the prevention, time to, or duration of radiation-induced dermatitis.
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Grant Support:
The plant kingdom as a source of anti-ulcer remedies.
Full author name: Borrelli, F; Izzo, A A.
Borrelli F, Izzo AA. Phytother Res. 2000 Dec;14(8):581-91.
[Article in English]
Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples 'Federico II', via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Phytogenic agents have traditionally been used by herbalists and indigenous healers for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer. This article reviews the anti-acid/anti-peptic, gastro-protective and/or anti-ulcer properties of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified active constituents. Botanical compounds with anti-ulcer activity include flavonoids (i.e. quercetin, naringin, silymarin, anthocyanosides, sophoradin derivatives) saponins (i.e. from Panax japonicus and Kochia scoparia), tannins (i.e. from Linderae umbellatae), gums and mucilages (i.e. gum guar and myrrh). Among herbal drugs, liquorice, aloe gel and capsicum (chilli) have been used extensively and their clinical efficacy documented. Also, ethnomedical systems employ several plant extracts for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Despite progress in conventional chemistry and pharmacology in producing effective drugs, the plant kingdom might provide a useful source of new anti-ulcer compounds for development as pharmaceutical entities or, alternatively, as simple dietary adjuncts to existing therapies.
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Herbal medicines: current trends in anesthesiology
practice--a hospital survey.
Full author name: Kaye, A D; Clarke, R C; Sabar, R; Vig, S; Dhawan, K P; Hofbauer, R; Kaye, A M.
Kaye AD, Clarke RC, Sabar R, Vig S, Dhawan KP, Hofbauer R, Kaye AM. J Clin Anesth. 2000 Sep;12(6):468-71.
[Article in English]
Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple survey to determine the patient population actively utilizing dietary supplements and/or herbs, during the preoperative period. DESIGN: Prospective study, with survey instrument. SETTING: University medical center. PATIENTS: 1,017 patients presenting for preanesthetic evaluation prior to outpatient surgery. INTERVENTIONS: After undergoing preanesthetic evaluation, patients were asked to complete a survey listing which of the nine most popular nutraceuticals currently available on the market they were using. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1017 surveys were submitted over a period of five months, with 32% being poorly completed and thus discarded. Of the remaining 755 valid surveys, 482 patients used at least one nutraceutical agent. 90% of these patients were using vitamins, 43% garlic extracts, 32% Gingko Biloba, 30%